What is Polarimetry?
When held against the light, a basic polarizing filter looks grey. Only light of one specific plane of oscillation passes it. If two such filters are held crossed in tandem no light passes the filter pair.
Certain substances, sugar solutions for example, show a phenomenon called "rotation of polarization due to optical activity". Such substances are called "optically active".
If such a substance is positioned between two crossed polarizing filters, a certain amount of light is admitted through the filter pair. The amount of light now becomes a measurement for the passage of light through the substance the concentration of the substance certain constants specific to the substance.